The Intuitive Guide to Energy Efficiency and Building Improvements Energy Audits and Improvements for Commercial Buildings provides a comprehensive guide to delivering deep and measurable energy savings and carbon emission reductions in buildings. Author Ian M. Shapiro has prepared, supervised, and reviewed over 1,000 energy audits in all types of commercial facilities, and led energy improvement projects for many more. In this book, he merges real-world experience with the latest standards and practices to help energy managers and energy auditors transform energy use in the buildings they serve, and indeed to transform their buildings. • Set and reach energy reduction goals, carbon reduction goals, and sustainability goals • Dramatically improve efficiency of heating, cooling, lighting, ventilation, water and other building systems • Include the building envelope as a major factor in energy use and improvements • Use the latest tools for more thorough analysis and reporting, while avoiding common mistakes • Get up to date on current improvements and best practices, including management of energy improvements, from single buildings to large building portfolios, as well as government and utility programs Photographs and drawings throughout illustrate essential procedures and improvement opportunities. For any professional interested in efficient commercial buildings large and small, Energy Audits and Improvements for Commercial Buildings provides an accessible, complete, improvement-focused reference.
Acknowledgments ix Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Overview 5 Chapter 3 Field Guide 17 Chapter 4 Envelope 27 Chapter 5 Lighting 71 Chapter 6 Heating 99 Chapter 7 Cooling and Integrated Heating/Cooling Systems 117 Chapter 8 Heating and Cooling Distribution 137 Chapter 9 Ventilation 151 Chapter 10 Identifying Heating and Cooling Equipment 167 Chapter 11 Controls 171 Chapter 12 Water 189 Chapter 13 Electric Loads (Other than Lighting) 217 Chapter 14 Gas Loads (Other than Heating and Domestic Hot Water) 237 Chapter 15 Advanced Energy Improvements 239 Chapter 16 Estimating Savings 247 Chapter 17 Financial Aspects of Energy Improvements 257 Chapter 18 Reporting 265 Chapter 19 Sector-Specific Needs and Improvements 271 Chapter 20 Project Management 281 Chapter 21 Operation, Maintenance, and Energy Management 295 Chapter 22 Portfolio Programs 305 Chapter 23 Resources 317 Appendix A Building Material R-Values 319 Appendix B Window Ratings 321 Appendix C Air-Mixing Method of Airflow Measurement 323 Appendix D Recommended Illuminance 325 Appendix E Lighting Power Allowances-Space-by-Space 327 Appendix F HID Lighting Designations 329 Appendix G Lighting Software 331 Appendix H Lighting Reflectances 333 Appendix I Room Air Conditioner Efficiency Requirements 335 Appendix J Chiller Efficiency Requirements 337 Appendix K Existing Exhaust Schedule 339 Appendix L Existing Outdoor Air Schedule 341 Appendix M Proposed Outside Air Schedule 343 Appendix N Simplified Model of a Building Entering or Recovering from Setback 345 Appendix O Gas Pilot Sizes and Gas Use 347 Appendix P Estimated Existing Motor Efficiencies, Pre-1992 349 Appendix Q Equipment Expected Useful Life 351 Appendix R Request for Proposal for Energy Audits 359 Appendix S Energy Audit Review Checklist 363 Appendix T Energy Preventive Maintenance Schedule 367 Index 369
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