The successful design and construction of iconic new buildings relies on a range of advanced technologies, in particular on advanced modelling techniques. In response to the increasingly complex buildings demanded by clients and architects, structural engineers have developed a range of sophisticated modelling software to carry out the necessary structural analysis and design work. Advanced Modelling Techniques in Structural Design introduces numerical analysis methods to both students and design practitioners. It illustrates the modelling techniques used to solve structural design problems, covering most of the issues that an engineer might face, including lateral stability design of tall buildings; earthquake; progressive collapse; fire, blast and vibration analysis; non-linear geometric analysis and buckling analysis . Resolution of these design problems are demonstrated using a range of prestigious projects around the world, including the Buji Khalifa; Willis Towers; Taipei 101; the Gherkin; Millennium Bridge; Millau viaduct and the Forth Bridge, illustrating the practical steps required to begin a modelling exercise and showing how to select appropriate software tools to address specific design problems.
Preface ii The Author iii Acknowledgement iv Table of Content vi Table of Figure xi Index xviii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Aims and Scope 1 1.2 Main Structural Design Problems 2 1.3 Introduction of Finite Element Method 3 1.4 Conclusion 8 Reference 9 Chapter 2 Major Modelling programs and Building information modelling (BIM) 9 Abstract 9 2.1 Fundamentals of Analysis Programs 9 2.2 Building Information Modelling (BIM) 22 2.3 Main Analysis Programs in current Design Practice 23 2.4 Major Draughting Program 26 2.5 Method to Model Complex Geometry 27 Reference 37 Chapter 3 Tall Buildings 38 Abstract 38 3.1 Introduction 38 3.2 Structural Systems of Tall Buildings 38 3.3 Lateral Resisting Systems and Modeling Examples 47 3.4 Modelling Example of Burj Khalifa 68 Define 73 3.5 Modelling Example of Taipei 101 with tuned mass damper (TMD) 74 3.6 Conclusion 79 Reference 79 Chapter 4 Earthquake Analysis of Buildings 79 Abstract 92 4.1 Introduction 92 4.2 Basic Earthquake Knowledge 92 4.3 Basic Dynamic Knowledge 93 4.4 Modelling Example of the Response Spectrum Analysis using SAP2000 101 4.5 Time History Analysis and Modelling Example using SAP2000 109 4.6 Push over Analysis and Modelling example using SAP2000 116 Reference 124 Chapter 5 Progressive Collapse Analysis 125 Abstract 125 5.1 Introduction 125 5.2 Design Guidance for Progressive Collapse Analysis 125 5.3 Risk Assessment 139 5.4 Design and Analysis Method 140 5.5 Modelling Example of Progressive Collapse Analysis using SAP2000--Non-linear Dynamic Procedure 143 Reference 151 Chapter 6 Blast and Impact Loading 151 Abstract 151 6.1 Introduction 161 6.2 Fundamentals of Blast Loading 161 6.3 Introduction of SPH Theory 164 6.4 Modeling Examples of impact loading analysis using Coupled SPH and FEA Method in ABAQUS? 166 Reference 184 Chapter 7 Structural Fire Analysis 185 Abstract 185 7.1 Introduction 185 7.2 Basic Knowledge of Heat Transfer 185 7.3 Fire Development Process 198 7.4 Fire Protection Method 199 7.5 Fire Temperature Curve 200 7.6 Determination of the Thermal Response of Structural Members 202 7.7 Structural Fire Design 202 7.8 Major Modelling Techniques for Structural Fire Analysis 203 7.9 Modelling Example of Heat Transfer Analysis using ABAQUS 204 Reference 221 Chapter 8 Space Structures 221 Abstract 221 8.1 Introduction 234 8.2 Type of Space Structures 234 8.3 Design Load 239 8.4 Stability Analysis of Space Structure 240 8.5 Modeling Example of a Single Layer Dome using SAP2000 (including global buckling analysis) 243 8.6 Nonlinear Geometric Analysis of Tensegrity Structures 250 8.7 Modeling Example of Tensigrity Dome using SAP2000 (Non-linear Geometrical Analysis) 252 Reference 260 Chapter 9 Bridge Structures 260 Abstract 260 9.1 Introduction 277 9.2 Structural Types of Bridges 277 9.3 Structural Design of Bridge Structure 281 9.4 Design Loading 281 9.5 Modelling Example of Milau Viaduct using CSI Bridge 283 9.6 Modelling Example of Forth Bridge using SAP2000 290 Reference 298 Chapter 10 Foot Induced Vibration 298 10.1 Abstract 298 10.2 Introduction to Vibration Problems in Structural Design 314 10.3 Characteristic of Foot Induced Dynamic Loads 314 10.4 Acceptance Criteria 316 10.5 Loading Representation of Foot Induced Vibration 319 10.6 Modelling Example of Vibration Analysis for the Millennium Bridge using SAP2000 (Time Based Method) 321 10.7 Modelling Example of Vibration Analysis of Hospital Floor using ABAQUS? (Frequency Based Method) 329 10.8 Reference 340
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