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Contents

About the series xii Contributors xiii Foreword xv Preface xvi Acknowledgements xvii How to use your textbook xviii About the companion website xxii Chapter 1 To be a midwife 1 Nicky Clark and Carol Paeglis Introduction 1 The professional status and regulation of midwifery 2 The NMC 2 European Union 3 The International Confederation of Midwives 6 Key midwifery concepts 6 Interpersonal skills and attributes 7 Professional expectations 9 Life as a student midwife 9 The programme 10 The statutory supervision of midwives 12 Raising and escalating concerns 13 Quality assurance 13 Student support 14 Health screening 14 Criminal record 15 Life as a midwife 16 Career routes 16 Conclusion 16 End of chapter activities 17 Glossary of terms 19 References 20 Chapter 2 Team working 22 Mary Beadle and Sue Townend Introduction 22 Woman-centred care 23 Effective team working 23 What is a team? 24 Leadership 25 Management 25 Communication 28 Collaboration 29 Power dynamics 31 Regulation 32 Escalating concerns 33 Team player 34 Conclusion 35 End of chapter activities 36 Glossary of terms 38 References 38 Chapter 3 Sociology applied to maternity care 42 Mary Beadle and Sarah Wise Introduction 42 Overview of sociological perspectives 42 Definition of society 43 Domestic abuse 46 Poverty 47 Gender and sexuality 49 Ethnicity and race 51 Disability 52 Health and wellbeing 53 Conclusion 56 End of chapter activities 56 Glossary of terms 58 References 58 Chapter 4 Psychology applied to maternity care 61 Julie Jomeen and Lynda Bateman Introduction 61 Defining psychology 62 Theories of psychology 62 Psychology and public health in maternity care 64 Health beliefs and behaviours 65 Social cognition models 66 Emotions across the childbearing experience 68 Birth 70 Postnatal considerations 71 Women and midwives: relationships and communication 74 Initiating, building and maintaining relationships 76 Bonding and attachment 78 Conclusion 82 End of chapter activities 82 Glossary of terms 84 References 84 Chapter 5 Parenthood 90 Olanma Ogbuehi and Jacqui Powell Introduction 90 Parenthood 91 Genetic, biological and social parents 95 Conception across the lifespan 102 Disability and parenting 109 Parenting styles and expert advice 110 Conclusion 112 End of chapter activities 113 Glossary of terms 114 References 115 Chapter 6 Antenatal midwifery care 120 Julie Flint and Carol Lambert Introduction 120 National policy on care provision in the United Kingdom 121 Individualised care of a woman 123 Being pregnant 124 Booking for care 125 Fetal health screening and monitoring 126 Inherited factors and disorders 127 Routine care for all pregnant women 128 Body changes 129 Deviations from normality 129 Wellbeing 129 Women s self-identity and decision-making about care 131 Midwife woman relationship for decision-making 133 Influencing women in their decision-making 133 Birth preparation and parent education 134 Conclusion 135 End of chapter activities 136 Glossary of terms 137 References 139 Chapter 7 Intrapartum midwifery care 142 Julie Flint and Sue Townend Introduction 142 Facilitating and maintaining normality in childbirth 143 Place of birth 145 Birth preparation for coping with labour 145 Onset, process and progress of labour 146 Care and compassion 152 Birth partners 153 Assisting the normal physiological process 154 Outside the parameters of normality 154 Pain management in labour 154 Midwifery craftsmanship 155 Medical intervention 156 Meeting the baby 157 Third stage management 157 Perineal care 158 Decision-making 159 Conclusion 159 End of chapter activities 161 Glossary of terms 162 References 163 Chapter 8 Postnatal midwifery care 166 Louise Lewis and Lisa Lachanudis Introduction 166 The history of postnatal care 167 Anatomy and physiology of the puerperium 168 Immediate postnatal period 171 Venous thromboembolism 172 Changes to postnatal care 173 Physiological maternal morbidity 174 Quality standards infl uencing postnatal care provision 175 A time-honoured tradition or a dying art? 175 Care and compassion: promoting a healthy psychological adaptation to motherhood 176 Engaging fathers 177 Safeguarding vulnerable adults and babies 178 Where to get help 181 Reducing the risk of sudden infant death syndrome 181 Postnatal exercise advice for new mothers 182 Other responsibilities of the midwife in the postnatal period 182 Conclusion 183 End of chapter activities 183 Glossary of terms 184 References 185 Chapter 9 Care of the newborn 188 Liz Smith and Brenda Waite Introduction 188 Transition to extra-uterine life 188 Fetal circulation 189 Apgar scoring 189 Basic resuscitation of the newborn 192 Immediate care of the newborn 193 Maintaining health in the fi rst few days of life 195 Skin care and hygiene of the newborn 197 Jaundice 199 Neonatal screening 202 Advice for parents 203 Detailed neonatal examination by the midwife 204 Conclusion 206 End of chapter activities 206 Glossary of terms 207 References 208 Chapter 10 Infant feeding 210 Louise Lewis and Liz Mason Introduction 210 Why breastfeeding is important 211 The way breastfeeding works 213 Supporting effective infant feeding 217 Biological nurturing a different breastfeeding approach 221 Getting enough milk 222 Reasons for expressing breastmilk 224 Identifying and managing common breastfeeding problems 228 When breastfeeding is not recommended 229 Supporting mothers to formula feed 230 Conclusion 231 End of chapter activities 231 Glossary of terms 233 References 234 Chapter 11 Public health and health promotion 237 Olanma Ogbuehi, Fiona Robinson and Catriona Jones Introduction 237 The concept and definition of health 238 Epidemiology 240 Demography 241 Conception rates 241 Fertility rates 241 Birth and death statistics 241 Domains of public health 243 Health improvement: the midwife and health promotion 244 Health surveillance 245 Improving health services through clinical audit: confidential enquiries into maternal and child health 245 Health inequalities 246 Determinants of health 247 Guidance for public health 248 Revisiting the midwife s role in public health 249 Domestic abuse 256 Conclusion 257 End of chapter activities 259 Glossary of terms 260 References 261 Chapter 12 Contraception and family planning 266 Liz Smith and Sarah Wise Introduction 266 What is meant by family planning ? 266 Appropriate timing of advice 267 Psychosexual issues 268 Cultural aspects 268 Providing advice 268 Methods of contraception 270 Further advice and treatment 277 Conclusion 277 End of chapter activities 278 Glossary of terms 279 References 280 Chapter 13 Perinatal mental health 281 Julie Jomeen and Nicky Clark Introduction 281 The importance of mental health in a maternity context 282 Putting PMI into perspective 282 Identification and assessment 285 Identifying risk factors 285 Antenatal, postnatal or a continuum 286 Prevalence and incidence 287 Categories of PMI 288 Serious mental illness (SMI) 293 Care provision 294 Conclusion 295 End of chapter activities 296 Glossary of terms 297 References 298 Chapter 14 Complementary and alternative medicines applied to maternity care 302 Catriona Jones and Jane Marsh Introduction 302 Definition of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) 303 The field of CAM 304 Why is CAM important to know about? 307 The CAM philosophy 309 The growth of interest in CAM 309 CAM and patient satisfaction 310 Women, midwifery and CAM 311 Promoting normality and reducing unnecessary intervention 312 Evidence for the safety and efficacy of CAM 313 The role of the midwife in CAM administration 315 Regulation 316 Conclusion 317 End of chapter activities 318 Glossary of terms 319 References 320 Chapter 15 Pharmacology and medicines management 323 Mary Beadle and Andrea Hilton Introduction 323 Medicines management 324 Pharmacology 328 Monographs 333 Numeracy 337 Conclusion 340 End of chapter activities 341 Glossary of terms 343 References 344 Chapter 16 Emergencies in midwifery 346 Liz Smith and Brenda Waite Introduction 346 Assessment 347 Shock 347 Maternal resuscitation 350 Basic life support 351 Antepartum haemorrhage 354 Postpartum haemorrhage 356 Obstetric interventions 359 Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia 360 Shoulder dystocia 363 Thromboembolism 366 Conclusion 368 End of chapter activities 369 Glossary of terms 370 References 371 Chapter 17 Bereavement and loss 373 Liz Smith and Brenda Waite Introduction 373 Terminology 373 Theories 374 Communication 376 Culture and religion 377 Care around the time of death 378 Care following loss 379 Midwifery care 380 Maternal death 382 Peer support for midwives 383 Support groups 383 Conclusion 384 Glossary of terms 385 End of chapter activities 386 References 386 Answers 387 Index 402

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