Reflecting a multitude of developments in the study of language change and variation over the last ten years, this extensively updated second edition features a number of new chapters and remains the authoritative reference volume on a core research area in linguistics. • A fully revised and expanded edition of this acclaimed reference work, which has established its reputation based on its unrivalled scope and depth of analysis in this interdisciplinary field • Includes seven new chapters, while the remainder have undergone thorough revision and updating to incorporate the latest research and reflect numerous developments in the field • Accessibly structured by theme, covering topics including data collection and evaluation, linguistic structure, language and time, language contact, language domains, and social differentiation • Brings together an experienced, international editorial and contributor team to provides an unrivalled learning, teaching and reference tool for researchers and students in sociolinguistics
List of Illustrations ix List of Contributors xiii Preface to the Second Edition xv Studying Language Variation: An Informal Epistemology 1 J.K. Chambers Part I Data Collection 17 1 Entering the Community: Fieldwork 19 Crawford Feagin 2 Data in the Study of Variation and Change 38 Tyler Kendall 3 Investigating Historical Variation and Change in Written Documents: New Perspectives 57 Edgar W. Schneider Part II Evaluation 83 4 The Quantitative Paradigm 85 Robert Bayley 5 Sociophonetics 108 Erik R. Thomas 6 Comparative Sociolinguistics 128 Sali A. Tagliamonte 7 Language with an Attitude 157 Dennis R. Preston Part III Linguistic Structure 183 8 Variation and Syntactic Theory 185 Ralph W. Fasold 9 Investigating Chain Shifts and Mergers 203 Matthew J. Gordon 10 Discourse Variation 220 Ronald Macaulay Part IV Language and Time 237 11 Real Time and Apparent Time 239 Patricia Cukor-Avila and Guy Bailey 12 Child Language Variation 263 Julie Roberts 13 Adolescence 277 Sam Kirkham and Emma Moore 14 Patterns of Variation including Change 297 J.K. Chambers Part V Social Differentiation 325 15 Investigating Stylistic Variation 327 Natalie Schilling 16 Social Class 350 Sharon Ash 17 Gender, Sex, Sexuality, and Sexual Identities 368 Robin Queen 18 Ethnicity 388 Carmen Fought Part VI Domains 407 19 Social Networks 409 Lesley Milroy and Carmen Llamas 20 Communities of Practice 428 Miriam Meyerhoff and Anna Strycharz 21 Constructing Identity 448 Scott F. Kiesling Part VII Contact 469 22 Space, Diffusion and Mobility 471 David Britain 23 Linguistic Outcomes of Bilingualism 501 Gillian Sankoff 24 Koineization 519 Paul Kerswill 25 Supraregionalisation and Dissociation 537 Raymond Hickey Part VIII Sociolinguists and Their Communities 555 26 Community Commitment and Responsibility 557 Walt Wolfram Postscript 577 Natalie Schilling and Jack Chambers Index 579
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